Why are magnets magnetic? What are the different characteristics of magnets made of different materials?
Publish Time: 2024-04-23
The reason why magnets are magnetic is that their internal microstructure has a certain order. Inside the magnet, there are a large number of tiny magnetic atoms or molecules, and their magnetic moments (magnetic rotation) show a certain orderly arrangement in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field acts on a magnet, these magnetic moments tend to align in the same direction, producing apparent magnetism.Magnets of different materials have different properties, which mainly depend on their atomic or molecular structure and the degree of ordering of the internal magnetic moments. Here are the magnetic properties of some common materials:Ferromagnetic materials (such as iron, nickel, cobalt, etc.): These materials have strong magnetism, and the magnetic moments within their atoms or molecules can quickly align under an external magnetic field to form strong magnetism.Paramagnetic materials (such as aluminum, copper, etc.): These materials will show weak magnetism under an external magnetic field, but their magnetic moment will be in the opposite direction to the external magnetic field.Diamagnetic materials (such as silver, gold, etc.): These materials exhibit almost no magnetism under an external magnetic field, and their magnetic moment direction is opposite to the external magnetic field.In addition to the above three main types, there are also some special materials, such as ferrite, magnetic alloys, etc., which have specific magnetic properties and are usually used to manufacture magnetic components and devices.
